A message of hope: creation of the Faces of Lung Cancer project for increasing awareness of clinical trials

In 2002, the Thoracic Oncology Advocacy Program at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute was created with a mission to contribute to the prevention and cure of lung cancer by embracing the patient perspective. In an effort to increase awareness of clinical trials (CTs) and to humanize the CT process, members of the advocacy programme were involved in the creation of the Faces of Lung Cancer project. Twelve lung cancer patients who participated in a CT, four caregivers of patients who had been on a trial and four thoracic health care professionals were interviewed and photographed by a professional photographer with prior experience in photo-documentary work. Preliminary results indicate just the process of participating in the Faces of Lung Cancer project and creating the photo essay has had a positive impact on the lives of cancer patients and their caregivers. Formal evaluation of the Faces of Lung Cancer project is underway; however, preliminary results indicate that the project is viewed as successful in terms of conveying a message of hope and increasing awareness. By including visual displays, in conjunction with patient interviews, the photo essay is able to generate and blend powerful information and images that provide a richer, more complete portrayal of the context of a patient's experience.     

Detrimental Effects of COVID-19 Measures on Mental Health and Social-Economic Disparities

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck nations worldwide, pushing worldwide health and socioeconomic systems to extreme limits. Various factors, such as drastic alterations in public environments, prolonged quarantine, revenue loss, and anxiety of disease contraction, have caused mental turmoil. Although there was a need to cope with an excess of psychological strain among the public, post-COVID patients, and those with a previously diagnosed psychiatric condition, mental health programs faced a substantial decline in services, mirroring the dramatic rise in psychological issues. Interestingly, certain coping strategies play protective or deleterious effects on mental health outcomes. Moreover, social media exposure has played a double-edged role in the mental health of the public during the pandemic, leaving grounds for further debates. Protean cultural themes have taken center stage in the discussion on social resilience and compliance to COVID-19 measures, driving their impact through certain work ethics, social capital, and public attitudes in different societies. On the other hand, exceedingly rising poverty rates cemented the deleterious economic impact of the pandemic. Attention has been called to the racial implications of the pandemic, driving millions of individuals with low socioeconomic position (SEP) and belonging to minority groups out of the paid workforce. Interestingly, we turn attention to an array of elements implicated in this dramatic effect, such as public transport, living arrangements, and health insurance coverage among these vulnerable groups. We attempt to address the mechanisms COVID-19 channeled its mental health and socioeconomic impacts by explaining the risk factors and pave the way for stronger crisis management in the future by evaluating the socioeconomic and psychological effects in stark detail.     

羊膜腔灌注对妊娠中期羊水过少引产的影响

目的探讨中期妊娠羊水过少孕妇羊膜腔灌注生理盐水后注入依沙吖啶用于引产的可行性和安全性。方法选择2010年1月-2013年1月收治的中期妊娠羊水过少要求引产的患者80例,随机分为观察组40例和对照组4｜D例,观察组羊膜腔内灌注生理盐水后注入依沙吖啶,对照组仅注入依沙吖啶。比较两组引产成功率、官缩发动时间及胎儿娩出时间和产后出血量。结果观察组的宫缩发动的时间及胎儿娩出时间明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级引产腹痛发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．005）,引产后24h内阴道出血量观察组明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,观察组引产成功35例,B对照组24例,进行r检验差异有统计学意义。结论羊膜腔灌注生理盐水后注入依沙吖啶用于中期妊娠羊水过少引产安全、有效。     

盐酸利托君在治疗先兆早产中的临床分析

目的观察盐酸利托君治疗先兆早产的效果与不良反应。方法将120例先兆早产的孕妇随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组65例用盐酸利托君安胎治疗,对照组55例用硫酸镁安胎治疗,比较两组孕妇安胎治疗的效果及治疗后不良反应发生情况。结果观察组总有效率92.3%,对照组总有效率80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),药物显效时间、治疗时间、延长妊娠时间和住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论盐酸利托君治疗先兆早产疗效确切、显效快,且能更好的控制病情,降低早产儿的发生率。因此,先兆早产如无禁忌,可首选盐酸利托君安胎治疗,但盐酸利托君治疗过程中不良反应的发生率较高,要加强监护,注意药物不良反应的预防。     

欣普贝生与催产素用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产的临床对比观察

目的探讨并比较欣普贝生与催产素用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产的临床效果和安全性。方法选取我院产科2010年3月至2012年3月产妇100例,采用随机数字表法分为催产素组和欣普贝生组,每组各50例,分别采用催产素及欣普贝生治疗。比较两组产妇临床促宫颈成熟及引产总有效率,临产时间,剖宫产率,新生儿窒息率,新生儿评分及不良反应发生率等。结果欣普贝生组产妇促宫颈成熟及引产总有效率、产妇临产时间、剖宫产及新生儿评分均明显优于催产素组产妇,组间比较差异显著(P<0.05);但两组产妇新生儿窒息率及不良反应发生率组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论相较于催产素,欣普贝生用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产效果确切,能够有效缩短妊娠时间,减少剖宫产出现,改善胎儿状况,且无严重不良反应。     

Developments in the pharmacotherapeutic management of spontaneous preterm labor

Background: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the importance of preterm birth and the huge healthcare costs involved and review the pathophysiology of preterm labor and the use of antepartum glucocorticoids, which are the main reason why tocolytics are used to prevent or delay preterm birth. The study also reviewed the range of tocolytics available, their mode of action and the evidence for their efficacy and fetomaternal safety. Methods: An extensive review of the literature using well-recognized and accepted scientific search engines was employed. Results/conclusions: The perfect tocolytic does not exist. The evidence to support the use of magnesium sulfate as a tocolytic is poor. The use of β-agonists is decreasing worldwide as clinicians move to nifedipine or atosiban, which are as effective but much safer. Although nifedipine is cheaper than atosiban and can be administered orally, the evidence to support atosiban is much superior to that of nifedipine and there have been recent safety concerns over nifedipine.     

护理干预对先兆早产患者结局的影响

目的分析护理干预对先兆早产患者心理状况及临床治疗效果的影响,为妇产科护理制订科学、合理的护理方案提供借鉴。方法选取本院2012年1～12月收治的176例先兆早产患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组88例。两组患者均给予常规护理,研究组在此基础上给予心理干预。在住院当天和治疗3周后比较两组抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分,统计两组孕妇保胎成功率。结果两组患者住院当天SDS及SAS评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗3周后研究组SDS评分为（45.2±1.5）分,SAS评分为（49.2±1.4）分;对照组SDS评分为（53.1±1.3）分,SAS评分为（55.8±1.4）分,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。研究组孕周≥37周者86例,保胎成功率为97.7%,对照组孕周≥37周者74例,保胎成功率为84.1%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对先兆早产患者实施护理干预不仅能够改善患者的心理状况,还能降低早产发生率,获得较为满意的临床效果。     

Health literacy levels in outpatients with liver cirrhosis

Abstract

Objective: Health literacy (HL) is a concept covering a range of cognitive and social skills that comprises aspects necessary for patients to navigate in the healthcare system. Our study aimed to investigate HL in patients with liver cirrhosis and determine factors associated with low HL.

Methods: Data were collected among outpatients with cirrhosis (n?=?108), using three dimensions from the Health Literacy Questionnaire. The selected dimensions were: ‘Social support for health’ (Social support scale), ‘Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers’ (Engagement scale), and ‘Understand health information well enough to know what to do’ (Information scale). Unpaired t-test was used to investigate differences on the HLQ scale scores. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated between groups using Cohen’s d.

Results: A total of 105 patients completed the questionnaire. Mean age of respondents was 60.6 years (45.5% females). A majority had alcoholic liver cirrhosis (64.8%) and 36.2% were living alone. Males had a low level of Social support HL (p?p?Conclusions: Male outpatients with liver cirrhosis were found to have low levels of HL, so were patients with low education. In order to effectively communicate and support patients to self-manage their disease, healthcare providers can benefit from including a focus on HL in planning and delivering health care to patients with liver cirrhosis.     

高校图书馆信息素养教育研究现状浅析

摘要:本文以高校图书馆信息素养教育为研究对象,从信息素养的含义、信息素养教育对象、信息素养教育方式及模式、信息素养教育的建设及创新展望四个方面进行了论述。